Molarity Calculator

Calculate molarity, molality, normality, PPM & solve dilution problems

🔬 Molarity Calculator (M = mol/L)

⚗️ Molality Calculator (m = mol/kg)

💧 Dilution Calculator (C₁V₁ = C₂V₂)

🔄 Concentration Converter

📊 PPM Calculator

📐 Key Formulas

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution
Molality (m) = moles of solute / kg of solvent
Normality (N) = Molarity × n-factor
PPM = (mg of solute / L of solution) = (g/mL) × 10⁶
Dilution: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
Moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)

Understanding Concentration Units

This molarity calculator helps you work with different concentration units used in chemistry. Each unit has specific applications.

Molarity (M)

Molarity is the most common concentration unit, defined as moles of solute per liter of solution. It's temperature-dependent because volume changes with temperature.

Molality (m)

Molality is moles of solute per kilogram of solvent (not solution). It's temperature-independent and preferred for colligative property calculations.

Normality (N)

Normality equals molarity times the n-factor (number of H⁺, OH⁻, or electrons transferred). Used in acid-base and redox titrations.

Parts Per Million (PPM)

PPM represents mg of solute per liter of solution. Common for trace concentrations in environmental and water chemistry.

How to Use This Calculator

  1. Select the calculation type from the tabs above
  2. Enter the known values in the input fields
  3. Click Calculate to see results
  4. Use the Converter tab to switch between units

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between molarity and molality?
Molarity (M) is moles per liter of solution, while molality (m) is moles per kilogram of solvent. Molality doesn't change with temperature since mass is constant, making it preferred for precise work.
How do I convert molarity to PPM?
PPM = Molarity × Molar Mass × 1000. For example, 0.001 M NaCl = 0.001 × 58.44 × 1000 = 58.44 PPM.
What is the n-factor for normality?
The n-factor depends on the reaction type: for acids it's the number of H⁺ ions, for bases it's OH⁻ ions, and for redox reactions it's electrons transferred.
How do I solve dilution problems?
Use C₁V₁ = C₂V₂. Enter three known values and leave one empty. The calculator will solve for the unknown.
Is this molarity calculator free?
Yes! This calculator is completely free with no limitations or hidden fees.